European Union leaders on Thursday formally signed a wide-ranging reform treaty to revitalise the bloc's institutions and replace the failed constitution of 2005. The signing of the Lisbon Treaty ends a deep crisis within the EU.
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An attempt to give the European Union its first constitution, which would have replaced the EU's key treaties was foiled in 2005 when Dutch and French voters rejected the idea in national referendums.
The new "Reform Treaty" will complement and amend its predecessors, not replace them. Unlike the first draft, it does not include references to national flags or anthems.
Key aspects
Here are some key aspects of the treaty, will enter into force in 2009 if it is successfully ratified by all 27 member states.
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Wider powers for European and national parliament
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Clearer mandate for a European foreign policy
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In place of the rotating presidency, under which member states spend six months at the helm, a European Council president will be elected to a two-and-a-half-year term.
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The areas of decision-making which can be approved through majority voting, rather than unanimity, are increased, largely in justice and police affairs.
New policies:
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The treaty introduces new objectives such as a common energy policy and strategy on fighting global warming.
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On trade policy, fair competition becomes a requirement to assure the proper functioning of the internal market.
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On security matters, a "solidarity" clause is introduced in the case of terrorist attacks. A member state which falls victim to an attack or other disaster will receive assistance from other member states, if requested.
Tags: Dutch, EU, European Constitution, French, Lisbon, referendum, Reform Treaty, Rome